This article compares the long term cost of ownership of wooden windows vs uPVC ones. It also proposes a mechanism where you will decrease the maintenance requirements of wooden windows and significantly extend their life. If you are going to choose wood, that will help to reduce the cost.
Introduction
I have recently undertaken a replacement of the timber windows round my house. The house was built around 1880. It’s windows are a mixture of old growth softwood frames, steel casements and oak sills. The house is not listed, so I was free to choose materials. Further I have just replaced a completely rotten softwood conservatory. I replaced it with an unplasticised Poly Vinyl Chloride (uPVC) one which I am perfectly happy with. I am not per-se against uPVC.
This research, my decisions and the reasoning behind them is published to assist others. I will update this over time with the maintenance history and details of how the windows actually age.
The age of UPVC
Wooden Windows have lost much ground over the last 30 years to UPVC and Aluminium framed windows. This is predominately because of the reduced maintenance requirements offered by these newer technologies reducing total cost of ownership. People want double glazing for sound and heat insulation, and in many instances they want it as cheaply as possible.
Joinery Shops versus Big Factories – Wooden Windows vs UPVC windows
There has also been an element of ‘big business’. Massive facilities are typically required to manufacture Aluminium and uPVC windows. These have large capital requirements and consequently significant capital backing. Wooden windows are typically made by relatively small joinery shops. These simply cannot afford to compete on marketing or sales activity with the uPVC and Aluminium window manufacturers. Any product will be outperformed over time by a competitor which is far more aggressively marketed to the public. This is largely regardless of it’s real physical attributes.
Marketing is capable of setting perceptions amongst the public. The perception that wooden windows are more expensive than uPVC ones is clearly set.
Of course, it is obvious to everyone that the cost of sales and marketing activity is borne by the buyer. National and local advertising campaigns, direct mailers and legions of telephone marketers ceaselessly following you. All cost money, which you pay for when you buy the product. The sales and marketing activity does not make the product better, it get’s you to buy it. By comparison if you go to a joinery shop and order windows you have removed most sales costs. You are paying for materials, a craftsman’s time and a profit for the joiners.
Wooden Windows fight back, The Wood Window Alliance
A group of members, associated with the supply and manufacture of wooden windows, formed the Wooden Window Alliance (WWA).
They promote high manufacturing and finishing standards. This enhances the public perception of Wooden Windows vs uPVC. Further high standards ensure decent service lives. These factors certainly have always been important. Poor on-site finishing did lead to many wooden windows which failed very early in their lives.
In addition they offer the ‘large organisation’ capabilities that individual manufacturers do not have. Commissioning academic studies to make a specific point is just one example.
In April 2012 the WWA published a press release. This claimed that Wooden Windows cost far less over their entire life span than uPVC ones. This seemed utterly unlikely, and indeed proved to be so on analysis. For the full details of the press release, underlying report and the reasons that it is incredible, go and read it yourself. The WWA have been conducting hostile assaults on me over this, and I have lost the will to fight them. Trade associations – not science…
OK, the report is incredible, but what can we learn?
The WWA report relies on a very low maintenance cost for the windows to say that they are cheaper than uPVC windows. I think £20 to repaint a window is an unrealistic figure. Window painting often requires scaffolding. Preperation mus tbe rigorous if paint is to last. However, this report highlights the importance of reducing maintenance costs on lowering cost of ownership. Wooden Windows become cost effective if this is done. My efforts have revolved around reducing maintenance costs by:
- Making the paint (or varnish, the maintenance costs of varnish are even more excessive without this treatment) stick properly to the window in the first place. This reduces the maintenance required.
- Sealing the wood properly against water ingress at any joints and exposed end grain. The joints are areas where paint is most likely to fail, due to the expansion and contraction of the timber with moisture and temperature cycles, and sealing the end grain will significantly extend the life of the windows. This massively reduces degradation in the event of damage to the topcoat.
For further details of the techniques I used, see here: MultiWoodPrime – 2 part epoxy wood primer.
Influencing factors in the Wood Windows vs uPVC debate. Cost / Maintenance / Durability / Appearance
This article only describes my decisions. For it to be of any use to others I have to outline carefully my drivers. These are the factors that do influence me in a buying decision, and those that do not.
My house is a solid walled, part timber framed, mock Tudor house. Built around 1880 it is part of the Waterlow estate. The timber frame is black, and the rendered panels between are white. I can choose construction materials as it is not listed. The previous glazing has leaded lights.
Factors that influenced me
- Cost. I am performing this work on a very limited budget, and cost is of great significance. I recently replaced an expensive rotten softwood conservatory with an excellent one in Aluminium and uPVC which cost a fraction of the price of the original softwood one.
- Maintenance. I am trying to achieve as low a maintenance house as I can, given the type of house that this is. Low maintenance is also low running cost.
- Durability. The previous old slow growth softwood frames were fitted in the 1930’s I think. I want my new windows to last as long as possible, ideally that long or better.
- Appearance. As I am very fond of my house this is important. Windows with white, black or wood frames would look just fine, so there is choice here. My personal preference is probably for black frames to match the house timbers.
- Quality. Cheap stuff really annoys me. Handles, hinges etc. that break would destroy the pleasure of ownership. I can’t wait for us to import less from China and make a little more onshore.
Factors that did not influence me
I am not suggesting that these should not influence you, I am just saying that they were not part of my decision making process.
- AAA+ Energy rating. Marketeers peddle this as essential, but it really doesn’t matter to me. Given the nature of my house which has solid walls, I want double glazing, but don’t need silly insulation values. I believe heat recovery systems offer a better return above a certain level of insulation in windows. I will always have to ensure a decent level of ventilation on the property.
- FSC Sustainably sourced. This is not a driver to me. I will not buy timber from a rainforest. However the ones marketed as FSC seemed the most inappropriate of the choices offered to me. These include very quickly grown plantation softwood, which can fail very quickly, or that modified as Accoya. Accoya lasts well but it’s as expensive as hardwood. I am far more interested in the durability and ultimate suitability of the materials than a marketing tag.
- Carbon Footprint. I just don’t believe any of this, sorry. A lifetime as a scientist tells me this is all lies. Happy to enter into deep discussion elsewhere, but for here, this is not a driver in any way shape or form. CO2 is plant food, used and abused for the generation of taxes by politicians who understand not what they do.
- Credit. I borrowed against the mortgage to fund this, so did not require a credit agreement to fund the purchase.
- Security. This is not a major driver for me. I am painfully aware that all windows open pretty easily with a brick. Quality locks are important, and may bring security with them, but the security is not the driver itself. When comparing security of wood windows compared to plastic or aluminium ones; they all use modern espagnolette fasteners nowadays anyway.
Tendering For New Windows For My House
I invited a large variety of window manufacturers to visit the house to measure and quote. Their brief was fairly open, as I had not decided upon any specific solution.
I requested quotes in both UPVC and Wood, from established high street names through to the local joinery shops. Some of the results really did surprise me. I asked all firms to provide written quotes from the outset. Further I informed them that I would not, under any circumstances, suffer ‘hard sell’ techniques. Each visit typically consumed 2 – 3 hours of my time showing the salesman around. I really hoped that this time was valued by the visitors.
It was a very broad based comparison of wooden windows vs uPVC ones, and it certainly highlighted the cottage nature of the wood industry. It was immediately apparent that many of the larger composite manufacturers were selling on wood window leads.
There were, in the first part of the selection process, 2 categories of company:
Incompetent or Plain Dangerous
Everest
Bizarrely, totally failed to provide a quote. By the time their follow up machine realised, they had lost the measurements, and I did not feel inclined to waste another three hours. This may be rare behaviour for them, but it inspired no confidence from me.
SafeStyle
Utterly refused to offer a quote, offering instead to send a salesman round to ‘negotiate’. This was an invite to a hard sell: ‘We are in the area next week, and if you sign now…’. This was followed with instructions to provide a written quote or forget it. Safestyle then endlessly telephoned. They are sufficiently incompetent that I would not trust them to put a stamp on an envelope, let alone fit windows. Safestyle also lost the measurements, and despite endless requests to stop phoning they still contact me now, a full year into this. AVOID them like the plague. I am sure they are not alone in behaving like this, but you do not want their windows. Instead I recommend you trust your local cut price merchant, who will set reasonable expectations and meet them if you want cheap UPVC (as I have done in the past, on different properties).
Competent And Probably Highly Capable
There were a large number of companies who offered quotes, who did not lose measurements and who met my expectations. I will not single out any names here except to say that the local joinery shop (N and S Joinery, AKA Kent Joinery) provided a very competitive quote, and were my second choice. They quoted roughly a third of the price quoted by a top end wooden window company (who appeared highly competent, and whose quote did include fitting, but fitting is not that expensive, more later on that), and I honestly wonder where the additional £40,000 would have gone (advertising probably).
The Company Selected To Do My Windows
I ultimately selected a firm called Classic Joinery. A builder friend who specialises in high end work of many years experience recommended them. They appeared to offer the capability to meet my exact requirements, and were even cheaper than the local joinery shop. Given the relative cost of having the windows in Oak, Accoya or Softwood, the Oak was selected. The difference was very little indeed, and the Oak is going to give a very durable and very pretty window, my preferred choice for a price I could afford.
The Low Maintenance Affordable Wooden Window
Wood Windows Compared to Plastic. Cost
Please do contact a few small joinery firms BEFORE thinking you cannot afford wooden windows, the quotes were UPVC money, and you are paying for windows, not advertising and sales people.
Wooden Windows vs PVC. Low Maintenance
Having selected a firm to build the windows, and chosen a nice stable hardwood, oak, to build them in, the job of minimising maintenance (reducing the requirement to paint or varnish them) was the last remaining task. That story; the construction, finishing and fitting of the oak windows, is told here (work in progress…)
If you are about to embark upon fitting new wooden windows to your house, or are about to spend the time restoring your old ones, you may also wish to try these techniques.
If you are fitting new windows, use Clear Penetrating Epoxy Sealer to enhance the life of your varnish or paint finish. You really can have low maintenance wood windows.
If you are repairing existing wooden windows which have already been affected with rot, then we sell wood repair kits specifically designed to make permanent repairs.
Please feel free to contact us if you have any queries.